Electric conductor or cable.



PATBNTED MAY 21, 190,7. l

N. W O R B G. QM

.ELECTRIC -CUNDUGTOR OR GBLE.

APPLICATION' FILED 00T. 8, 1904.

www ms L I W I /fwa fio/a M701.;

Wav/z ad ed @TENT FFCE.

- SIDNEY GEORGE BRUWN, F LONDON, ENGLAND.

ELEGTlQlC NUTGR Olii? AELE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

4 Implication filed October 8, 1904. Serial No. 227,710.

Patented May 21, 190';

To ,all w/wm it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Sinner Gnonon Vlvlltowv, a subject of the King lof Great Britani, residing at 4 Great Winchester street7 in the city and county of London7 England.,

electrical engineer, have invented certain i new and useful Improvements Relating to Electric Conductors orI Cables, of which the following4 15a specification.

This' invention relates to an improved mode of manufacturing electric'conductors or cables applicable for employment in connection with telegrapliy or telephony with the objects of counteracting the eil'ect of capaci ty by rendering the conductor self-indue t ive while not materially increasing the resistance; the'spced of signaling being in consequence considerably accelerated.

According to the specification ot British Letters Patent. dated 18th April, 1002, No; 9040, grantcdto me, l proposed to construct the conductor in such a manner as to ypossess selfTinduct-ancc continuously alongr itslength,

, by forming the same of a strip disposed spi- .'rally about and insulated from a core of inagnetic metal or material. According to the specification ol" British LettersPatent dated "11th: May 1903, No. 10667, l proposed with the objec of rendering the conductor seliinrluctive .ticminteract' the ell'ect of capacity without seriously diminishing its resistance todispose the conductor centrally within a magnetic envelop or tube; insulation being placed about the conductor and the magnetic envelop. Now vl have found that these extreme types ol' conductors are open to certain objections. For instance, in thc case of a copper conductor spirally wound about a `magnetic core the resistance oi the copper is sonlcwhat high, and in` thc case ol' the magnetic material enveloi'iingl theI `conductor thc iron is total] in the electrostatic iicld and vtherefore su )ject to coiisiderabie induced currents.

'lhe present invent-ion is therefore devised with' a view to avoiding or minimizing' the Y afi'ircsaid objections andto this end, the coniiig"il'is|msed either in pairs or'in any other desired nianncr, such7 l'oi'y instance, as in Agroupsol', say, four, in which case thc iron and the copper would be arranged alternately, the aim being so to assemble the cop* per and the iron as to insure the centers of gravity comingr as close as possible.

in the accompanying drawings, which represent diagraininatically several examples of conductors constructed accordingV to my invention; Figures 1 and .Z are respectively a I transverse section and a side elevation of a constriu:tion in which the conductor and the iron are of half-wound section. Figs. 3 and 4 are respectively similar views illustrating,r a construction in which theconductor and the iron are of quadrantal section. Figs. 5 and 6 represent another construction showing a variation in the cross section of the conductor and the iron. iied form ol the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Figs. l) and 10 show furtherinodiiications. y

According to the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the conductor a which ma be copper' and the magnetic metal b whici may be iron are disposed in pairs, each of lialifround section with an insu atinur strip or medium c disposed between the iiat sides thereof. The pitch of the turns should be arranged according to requirements. As an example a good cable or conductor may be constructed according to this invention, elnployincr ordinary charcoal iron, of .26 inch diameter having,r acopper resistance of 2.8 ohms and .03 licnries per naut, the iron and copper making two complete twists per inch rim of the core.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, the conductor is shown as composed of a group of four wires, that is to say two conductors or condnctinif wires (LX (LX and two iron or magnetic wires ii* bx; the cross section oit cach wire being quadrantai. ln Figs. 5 and a simiol" the copper and iron wires, o" c." and b" b respectively varies slightly in transverse section.

'lhc construction shown-iii Figs 7 and 8 is similar to that illustrated. iii Figs. 1 and l with the exception that, with a view to increasingr thi` llexibility of' the conductor, the outer side ol cach Wire u., b is formed with, a groove o. i. 'lhe flexibility ol" the conductor may also be obtained by straiiding as shown by Figs. 0 and 10. The conductor and the magnetic iiiatci'ial may however be disposed in other ways as may be found necessary or desirable.

[T nder sonic conditions of working, itinay Figs. 7 and 8 represent a. modibe advantageous to dispense with the insulating medium or to reduce it to the smallest `possible area in transverse section. it may,

moreover, be composed ot the oxids oi the -5 metals. l i

In constructing the cable or conductor, the iron should be of a highly permeable character, and, in certain instances, analloy may be employed composed of iron and a suitable quantity ot silicon or aluminium. By means ofsuch an alloy', the permeability and electrical resistance ofthe magnet-ic material are increased. In some cases the.l conductor Y and the iron or other magnetic material may be fastened together lby soldering/ or other ,convenient means. l

To duplex such a cable or line 'it may be convenient to employ another or similar line composed say of a conductor of copper wire and an iron wire insulated from eachother but "twisted together as shown by Figs. .1 and 10.

In the case of a telephone line where two conductors are usedthe wires maybe made to cross one another at regular intervals an iron wire otsuitable' shape being made to pass upl and down through vthe openings be tween the wires in such a way as to have all themagnetizing forces additive.

' rlhe working out ot theca'ble is as t'ollows:

Take as an example the New York-Fayal cable. Diameter over the copper conductor .185 diameter over the guttapercha-445 resistance when laidy 1.843 ohmsxpcr nant capacity when laid,' .4134 microtarads (remains practically unaltered).

In thc new improved inductive cable (seg- -mental wirci:-'l`he copper andA iron take three complete turns per inch. The center oi gravity ot each'half section is .037 from ahc center, making allowance for the insuation,

.mos i .ses I A ('(dcuZa/irni'ofUu s 'lj"induclon (0. G. S. H11-ils).

l1 (nmlznctizinpr force): CrosiesccA tion inconi tiiucters. il L N (number of linesl o'f foree):.1,2 ;200 .mood-15:16.12

Number 0l turns. i 5T`" 6 i. ism immo im, i :"m" fwn-:Mi hcmgies Pernaut.

What I claim and desire to secure by lictters latcnt ofthe ll-nitcd States is1- 1. An electric conductor or cable havinpr a copper conductor associated with iron or .7 ohms per nant.

editogether in an axial magnetic material .the conductor and lthe iron being of segmental form in transverse section twisted together in an axial direction substantially as and for the purposes specified. I

2. An electric conductor or cable having a copper conductor associated with iron or magnetic material of approximately the same segmental form in transverse section twisted. together in an axial direction, substantially as and for the purposes specified.-

l3. An electric conductor or'cable having a copper conductor associated with iron or magnetic material of approximately the same segmental form and area in transverse section, twisted together in'an axial direction substantially as and for thc purposes spccified. l

4. An electric conductor or cable having a copper conductor associated with iron or magnetic material, the conductor and the iron being of segmcntalforin in transverse section twisted together in an axial direction with an insulatingmcdium or dielectric. between them, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. An electric. conductor or cable having a copper conductor associated with iron or magnetic material of approximately the same segmental form in transverse section twisted together in an axial direction with an insular.- ing` medium or dielectric between them sui)- stantially as and for the purposes s ccified.

6. An electric conductor or cable av'irig a copper conductor associated with iron or magnetic material ot approximately the same segmental form and area in transverse section,.twisted together in an axial direction with an insulating medium or dielectric between them, substantially as and for the purposes specii'ied. i

7. An electric conductor or cable having a copperv conductor associated 'with iron or magnetic material each ot segmental form in transverse section and adapted to admit ot their being 'assembled so that the centers of gravitv come as close. lts ossiblc and twistdirection substantially as and for thepurpo'ses specified.

3. An'electric conductor or'cable having a copper conductor associated with iron or magnetic- "material of approximately thc same segmental form inl transverse section and adapted to admit of their being nssem bled so that the centers of gravity come as close as possible and twisted together in an axial direction substantially as and for thc purposes specified.

t). An elec-tric conductor or cable having a i copper conductor associated with iron or magnetic material ol` approxinmtcly the same segmental form and of such an arca-in transverse section as will admit oi' thcir bc-v come :is close as possible and twisted touig assembled sothnt the centers ol' gravity tion to the fiat io lating medium or dielectric between them,

.substantially as and for the purposes specified.. y 1.11; An electric conductor or cable having a i. Jcopper conductor associated with Iiron or i54 magnetic lmaterial of. approximately the same segmental forni-in transverse sectionV and adapted to admit of their being assem-A bled so that .the centers of gravity come as ,close as possible and twisted together in an ze Vaxial direction with an insulating medium between them, substantially'as and for the purposes speciiiedf4 12, Aneleetric conductor or cable'liaving a copper` conductor associated *with iron or '.2 5 .magnetic `material of approximately' the same segmental form and ot'such an area in transverse section-as will admit of their being assembled so that the-leentcrs of gravity come yas close as possible and twisted to- 30 gether in'an axial direction, with an insulatving medium between them, substantially as and for ltlie purposespeciied,

13. .A n electric condiictor or cable comprisiiig a coiiductorof pepper wire of half gsjroundor segmental f ormin transverse seeltion arranged with its'flatside in juxtaposi 7 tion to iron wire of half-round or segmental form in transverse sect-ion twisted together in an axial direction, substantiallyas herein 4o described for the purposes specified.

14.V An electric conductor or cable com' prising a conductor oi copp'er wire of halfround or segmental form in transverse sec! tio'n arranged with its fiat side in juxtaposiside of iron wire of lialifround or segmental forni in transverse section twisted together in an axialdirection sub' stantially as liereinl'iefore4 described. for the purposes specified. i

i xv 15. vAnrelcctric conductor or lcable coinprising a conductor of copper wire of halfround or segmental fo'm in'transverse section .having its flat side arranged in juxtaposition to iron'wire of highly permeable character of half-round or segmental forni iii transverse section twisted `together in an axial direction, substantially as hereinbeforc der scribed for the purposes specified.

-16. An electric conductor or cable comprising a conductor of copper. wire of halfround or segmentalforin in transverse section having its il at side arranged-in juxta iosition to the ilat side of iron wire of highly permeable character of lialf-round or seg'- inentalvforni in transverse section twisted' together in an axial direction, substantially as herein described for the purposes specified.

17. An electric conductor or cable coinprising a conductor of copper wire. of halfrouiid or segmental form in transverse section having its flat side arranged in juxtapositioii to iron wire of'half-round or segmental form in transverse'section and an interposed insulating strip or medium.' twisted together in an axial direction substantially as herein described for the purposes specilied.

18. An electric conductor or cable comprising. a-conductor of copper wire of halfrouiid or segmental form in transverse section having its llat side arranged in `juxtaposition to the llat side of iron wire of halfround or segmental forni .in transverse section and an iiitcrposed insulating strip or medium twisted together in an axial ydirec tion, substantially as herein described for thev purposes specified.

19. An electric conductor or cable coni.- prising a conductor-oi copper wireof'lialfround or segmental form in transverse section having its `llat side arranged in juxtaposition to the iron wire of highly permeable character of halt-round or segmental form in transverse section and an interposed. insulating strip or medium twisted together in an vaxial direction,substantially as herein described for the purposes specified.

' 20. An electric conductor or cable coniprising a conductor of copper 'wire of halfround. or segmental form iii transverse scction having its i lat side arranged in juxtaposition to the ilat side of iron wire of highly permeable character `of l'ialf-round or segmental forni in transverse section and, an interposed insulating strip or medium twisted togetherin .an axial direction, substantially ashereii'i described for the fied. Y

.In testimony 'whereof l have hereunto sct my handin presence of two subscribing Witpurposes speci- `nesses this twenty third day of September',

SIDNEY GEORGE BROWN.

Witnesses: L

T. SnLiiv WARDLE, F.. J RArsoN. 

